Every year, on St. Stephen’s day, the “Toc Festival” is celebrated in Cossogno.
The distribution of blessed bread (Toc= piece of bread) has ancient origins. The first document mentioning it is a parchment of 1328, but it is assumed that the almsgiving of bread took place already in the thirteenth century. In the Middle Ages, almost every village had its own community alms with the obligation to distribute, on a prefixed day of the year, bread and sometimes also wine, oil and cheese to the poor. Those of Cossogno are among the few that survived. Many inhabitants of Cossogno and Ungiasca, already in the 14th and 15th centuries, made a “pro remedio animae” testament, for the salvation of their own soul, in favour of the municipality, the poor and almsgiving, giving the proceeds of their own lands to them. Sometimes the ownership of the lands was transferred to the municipality: in this case, the municipality rented them while maintaining the legacy on them; in other cases, the ownership remained with the heirs who had to pay the legacy.
Payments from 1899 are indicated in the last “bread register” where also some notarial deeds are mentioned that can be traced back to three separate periods: the seven oldest ones to 1660, when a general reorganisation of the investitures was carried out, others to the years around 1730, others to the period 1775-1789.
The shares to be paid every year to the “Bread Commission”, appointed by the municipal administration with the task of collecting the goods and regulating their distribution, were defined on the basis of the surface of the fund, its location and the type of cultivation and could also vary over time. In 1899 the legatees were 77 in total. For the use of the funds of the legacy of St. Stephen, it results that 709 pounds of bread (527 from the inhabitants of Cossogno and 182 from those of Ungiasca) and 380 mugs of wine were owed to the Municipality of Cossogno. It seems that originally the payment in honey was also foreseen (later suppressed due to the shortage of the beehives), but there is no documentary evidence of this. The infections of the grape and the consequent shortage of wine caused the suppression of wine as well. The tradition of bread distribution was always kept alive: first, the bread was made with equal quantities of millet and rye flour, and then of rye only, it was cut into small pieces to be distributed to the participants to the afternoon religious function. When the legatees no longer supplied the bread, the municipal administration took over the management and the tradition was preserved.
In 1989, on the initiative of the mayor of Cossogno, Rosalba Boldini, and of the priest Don Marino Piffero, prestige and solemnity were given back to tradition. Once the descendants of the legatees were identified, they were invited to participate in the celebration, everyone symbolically bringing a loaf of rye bread to the altar during the vespers on St. Stephen’s day and delivering it to the representatives of the Bread Commission. Since then the ceremony has been repeated every year. In 1999, on the initiative of the mayor Giacomo Ramoni, the “Toc de Cusögn” award was established, an award in the form of “Silver Toc”, given to the people and groups from Cossogno and Verbania who distinguished themselves for their activities in favour of the community.
Taken from “Tracce di Storia. Cossogno, Ungiasca e Cicogna dalle origini al XIX secolo”, Associazione Culturale Cossognese Le Ruènche, 2016